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Appendice:Pronunciation de interlingua

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In major parte, interlingua pote esser considerate phonemic, assi que cata littera ha un sono. Il ha exceptiones, tal como de digraphos th, ph, rh. Interlingua preserva le etymologic radices de cata parola a facer su signification plus clar.

Le orthographia de interlingua, como su vocabulario, es establite per un consenso del linguas de controlo: anglese, francese, italiano, espaniol, e portugese, con germano e russo como controlos secundari. Solmente le regulas in commun esseva retenite, que duce a un orthographia simple. Le regulas orthographic de Interlingua es trovate in le Interlingua-English Dictionary (IED).

Iste documento contine listas complete de exceptiones a iste regulas. On pote trovar iste vocabulos con indication del pronunciation in le IED.


ch

Le digrapho ch generalmente on pronuncia /k/. Un parve numero de vocabulos ha le pronunciation /sh/ o /tsh/. Iste exceptiones es a basso. Le plus de illos es sequite per un littera in parentheses quadrate [ ], significante que illos es parolas preste. Del resto, le plus es prestes assimilate. Assi, on vide que ver exceptiones al sono /k/ es rar.


Abbreviationes
[A] = anglese
[F] = francese
[G] = germano
[H] = espaniol
[P] = portugese
[R] = russo


VOCABULOPRONUNCIATIONSYNONYMOS
approchar aproshar avicinar, advenir, abordar, approximar se, acceder
artichoc artishok (cynara) [L]
attaché [F] atashé attaccate, allegate
avalanche [F] avalansh (labina) [L]
bolchevismo bolshevismo (bolshevism) [A]
brecha[H] bresha apertura, trappa,intervallo,interstitio, vacantia
broche [F] broshe crampa
brochure [F] broshur opuscolo
Cachmir [F] kashmir (kashmir) [A]
cartucha [H] kartusha .
cauchu [P] kaushu gumma, gumma elastica
chacal [H] shakal (jackal) [A]
chaco shako .
chaise [F] shaise sede, sedia
chal [H] shal (shawl) [A]
chalet [F] shalè villetta
chalupa [H] shalupa nave,imbarcation,barca,vascello,navetta
Champagne [F] shampain vino spumante effervescente
champignon [F] shampinyon fungo
chaperon [F] shaperon cavallero,galante,cortese,custode,vigilante,cappucio,accompaniator
chaperonar [F] shaperonar accompaniar,harmonisar,vigilar
char à bancs[F shar-a-bancs carrossa, cochi
charade [F] sharade enigma, logogripho, joco enigmatic
charivari [F] sharivari serenada, strepito, clamor
charlatan [F] sharlatan fraudator, impostor
charme [F] sharme fascino, fascination, attraction
charpa sharpa (focale) [L]
chartreuse [F] shartrose Cartusia > cartesian, (chartreuse liquor)
chassa shassa veneria
chassis [F] shassis structura, telario
chauffeur [F] shofer taxista, guidator, automobilista
chauvinismo shovinismo localismo,spirito de campanil,campanilismo,nationalismo ,fanatismo
chec tshek Tchec
Checoslovachia tshekoslovakia Tchecoslovachia
chef [F] shef conductor,director,coco,gerente,administrator, cocinero,patrono, principal
chenille [F] shenile eruca, (tractor a eruca)
cheque [A] sheke .
chic [F] shik elegante, distincte
chiffonier [F] shiffoniè armario,credentia
Chile tshile .
chimpanze [P] shimpanzé (cimpanze)[Rom], (scimpanzè)[I]
China shina (Sina) [L]
chinese shinese .
choc [F] shok trauma, colpo, urto, scussa electric
choccar shokar traumatisar, colpar, batter, percuter
chocolate shokolate .
cliché [F] klishé negativo, stereotypo
cornichon [F] kornishon cucumbretta
crochet [F] kroshé uncino, unco, hamo, croc, uncinetto
cochi koshi carrossa, diligentia, (coach) [A]
cochinilia koshinilia .
tsarevich [R] tsarevitsh czarevitch
depeche [F] depeshe message, telegramma, missiva
dervich dervish (dervish) [A]
ducha dusha .
echelon [F] eshelon nivello, grado
fetiche [F] fetishe (fetish) [A]
fichu [F] fishu (subs. cravata), (adj. condemnate, perverse)
flecha [H] flesha salice, sagitta
galocha [H] galosha (galosh) [A]
hacha [H] hasha (ascia) [L]
hachich hashish (hashish) [A], (hasisum) [L]
Indochina indoshina .
kirschwasser[G] kirshvasser brandy de ceresia
lancha [H] lansha nave, imbarcation, barca,vascello, navetta
lunch [A] lantsh .
lynchar <A> lintshar Lege de Lynch, facer justitia summari
manchette [F] manshette .
manchu mantshu habitante e lingua de Manchuria
Manchukuo mantshukuo .
Manchuria mantshuria .
marcha [H] marsha .
marchar [H] marshar camminar, ambular, promenar se, ir a pedes
marechal [F] mareshal (marshal) [A]
match [A] matsh partita
menchevismo menshevismo (menshevism) [A]
niche[F] nishe .
nonchalance [F] nonshalanse indifferentia
nonchalant [F] nonshalan indifferente
percha persha .
pluche [F] plush (plush) [A]
poncho [H] pontsho .
punch[A] ponsh biberage alcoholic
putsch [G] putsh colpo de stato, usurpation del poter
rancho [H] rantsho ferma, cabana, nutrimento militar
reproche [F] reproshe blasmo, critica, reprehension, reprobation
sandwich [A] sandwitsh .
schooner [A] shuna o shunr (goleta)[H], bicario grande pro biber sherry
speech [A] spitsh discurso
schottisch [G] skotish .
steeplechase[A] stipeltsheis cursa de obstaculos
torcha [H] torsha (facula) [L]
trenchar [F] trenshar taliar
trencho [F] trensho talio
trenchea [F] trenshea .
yacht [A] yot o yat .


ti

Le final -tia, -tia, o -tio generalmente on pronuncia /tsia/, /tsie/, /tsio/. Exceptiones occurre quando le final es precedite per s (o, rarmente, x) e quando le vocal sequente es accentuate. Ecce le lista de iste exceptiones:

VOCABULOS
admixtion,
adustion,
amnestia, amnestiar,
angustia, angustiar, angustiose,
antiaeree, 
antiasthmatic,
antichristian, 
aristocratia,
arithmomantia, 
autocratia,
avocatiero, 
bastion,
bestia, bestial, bestialitate, 
bibliomantia,
bureaucratia, 
caffetiera,
cartiera, 
cartomantia,
catoptromantia, 
celestial,
ceromantia, 
chiromantia,
chocolatiera, 
christian, christiano, 
christianismo, christianitate, 
combustion,
commixtion, 
congestion, congestionar, 
democratia,
digestion, 
diplomatia,
dynastia, 
elephantiasis,
eucharistia, 
exhaustion,
frontiera, 
fructiero,
galimatias, 
galvanoplastia,
garantia, 
garrettiera,
geomantia, 
gerontocratia,
gestion, 
guttiera,
gynecocratia, 
hieromantia, 
idiotia, 
immixtion, 
immodestia, 
indigestion, 
ingestion, 
judeochristian, 
lectiera, 
leontiase, 
mestiero, 
mixtion, 
modestia, 
molestia, 
mosquitiera, 
necromantia, 
nomocratia, 
ochlocratia, 
oneiromantia, 
ornithomantia, 
osteoplastia, 
ostiero, ostio, 
penitentieria, 
petiolo, 
physiocratia, 
plutocratia, 
pornocratia, 
portiera, 
prelatia, 
presbytia, 
primatia, 
prophetia, 
quartiero, 
question, questionabile, questionar, 
questionario, questionator, 
rattiera, 
rhinoplastia, 
sacristia, 
salatiera, 
sputiera, 
suggestion, suggestionar, 
suprematia, 
technocratia, 
testiera, 
theocratia, 
theomantia, 
tintiera, 
tomatiero, 
tortiera, 
ustion, 
vestiario


-age, -gia

Le littera g generalmente on pronuncia dur, como anglese "good". In le suffixos -age e -gia, g sona como /j/. Le sono /j/ occurre anque in un poco parolas simile, tal como vengiar, a basso. Ecce iste exceptiones:

VOCABULO PRONUNCIATION
abbordageabbordaje
acierage acieraje
adjustage adjustaje
aerage aeraje
agiotage ajotaje
amarage amaraje
amperage amperaje
ancorage ancoraje
apprentissage apprentissaje
arbitrage arbitraje
arrangiamento arranjamento
arrangiar arranjar
atterrage atterraje
avantage avantaje
bagage bagaje
bandage bandaje
baronage baronaje
barrage barraje
biberage biberaje
bituminage bituminaje
bobinage bobinaje
boiage boiaje
boscage boscaje
boycottage boycottaje
brigantage brigantaje
bronzage bronzaje
budget [A] badjet
budgetar badjetar
calfatage calfataje
camouflage [F] camuflaje
cannage cannaje
canoage canoaje
capsulage capsulaje
carinage carinaje
carnage carnaje
cartonage cartonaje
chaperonage shaperonaje
commatrage commatraje
concubinage concubinaje
contraspionage contraspionaje
corage coraje
coragiose corajose
cordage cordaje
corsage [F] corsaje
creosotage creosotaje
cuneage cuneaje
curettage curettaje
cylindrage cilindraje
damascenage damascenaje
disavantage disavantaje
disavantagiose disavantajose
discassage discassaje
dismontage dismontaje
disrangiamento disranjamento
disrangiar disranjar
dosage dosaje
equipage equipaje
eremitage eremitaje
essamage essamaje
essayage essayaje
etage [F] etaje
focage focaje
foliage foliaje
forgiar forjar
forrage forraje
frangiar franjar
frangiate franjate
frangiatura franjatura
frangiero franjero
fuselage [F] fuselaje
gage [F] gaje
garage [F] garaje
garagista garajista
gingibre jinjìbre
ginseng jìnséng
girafa jirafa
grilliage grilliaje
harponage harponaje
herbage herbaje
hereditage hereditaje
homage homaje
hostage hostaje
immagazinage immagazinaje
impaleage impaleaje
incoragiamento incorajamento
incoragiar incorajar
ingagiamento ingajamento
ingagiar ingajar
ingagiator ingajator
ingranage ingranaje
inragiamento inrajamento
inragiar inrajar
jardinage jardinaje
lavage lavaje
legier lejier
legieressa lejieressa
libertinage libertinaje
lineage lineaje
linguage linguaje
lustrage lustraje
mangiabile manjabile
mangiar manjar
mangiator manjator
mangiatoria manjatoria
maritage maritaje
massage massaje
menage [F] menaje
menagerie [F] menajer∞
mercerisage mercerisaje
message messaje
messageria messajeria
messagero messajero
mesticiage mesticiaje
metrage metraje
mirage miraje
misusage misusaje
monetage monetaje
montage montaje
multivage multivaje
nickelage nickelaje
noctivage noctivaje
oleage oleaje
orangeria oranjeria
orangiada oranjada
orangiero oranjero
ostage ostaje
paisage paisaje
paisagista paisajista
passage passaje
passager passajer
passagero passajero
patinage patinaje
patronage patronaje
pavage pavaje
pedage pedaje
pedagero pedajero
pelegrinage pelegrinaje
percentage percentaje
personage personaje
photomontage fotomontaje
piliage piliaje
pilotage pilotaje
plumage plumaje
punctage punctaje
pupillage pupillaje
rage raje
ragiar rajar
ragiose rajose
ramage ramaje
rangiar ranjar
rastrellage rastrellaje
reportage reportaje
rivetage rivetaje
sabotage sabotaje
sage saje
sagessa sajessa
salvage salvaje
salvageria salvajeria
scaliage scaliaje
semisalvage semisalvaje
sergente serjente
servage servaje
solfeggiar solfejar
sondage sondaje
spionage spionaje
stampage stampaje
stivage stivaje
sucrage sucraje
suffragette [A] suffrajette
tannage tannaje
tatuage tatuaje
telepherage telepheraje
terrage terraje
tirage tiraje
tonnage tonnaje
tressage tressaje
tricotage tricotaje
ultrage ultraje
ultragiose ultrajose
usage usaje
vagabundage vagabundaje
vassallage vassallaje
vengiabile venjabile
vengiantia venjantia
vengiar venjar
vengiative venjative
vengiator venjator
viage viaje
viagiar viajar
viagiator viajator
viduage viduaje
village villaje
villanage villanaje
visage visaje
voltage voltaje
wattage uattaje
zincage zincaje

Nota. Le termination -age on non pronuncia -aje in tres casos:

  • Le parola vage
  • Parolas que fini per -phage: anthropophage, creophage, hippophage, ichthyophage, lotophage, necrophage, rhizophage
  • Parolas que fini per -frage: naufrage, saxifrage, xylophage


gue, gui

Generalmente le littera u es pronunciate in le sequentias gue e gui. Ecce le exceptiones:

VOCABULO PRONUNCIATION
inguirlandar inghirlandar
guillotina ghiliotina
guillotinada ghiliotinada
guillotinamento ghiliotinamento
guillotinar ghiliotinar
guirlanda ghirlanda
guirlandar ghirlandar
guitarra/gitarra ghitarra
guitarrista/gitarrista ghitarrista


que, qui

Generalmente le littera u es pronunciate in le sequentias qua, que, qui e quo; que, qui pote esser anque mute como in le sequente parolas. Nota que multe de illos es parolas preste:

VOCABULO PRONUNCIATION
Dunkerque [F] Dunkerke
Marquesas [H] Markesas
Susquehanna Suskehanna
alique alike
arlequin arlekin
arlequinada arlekinada
atque atke
bouquet [F] boukè
briquette [F] brikette
cheque [A] sheke
claque [F] clake
clique [F] clike
coquetta coketta
coquettar cokettar
coquette cokette
coquetteria coketteria
croquet [A] croket
croquetar croketar
croquette [F] crokette
esque eske
etiquetta etiketta
etiquettar etikettar
itaque itake
kiosque [F] kioske
mannequin [F] mannekin
marquis [F] markis
marquise [F] markise
mosquitiera moskitiera
mosquito [H] moskito
parquet [F] parkè
perque perkè
porque porkè
proque prokè
qualque qualke
que ke
quem kem
qui ki
tourniquet [F] tourniké


w

Le littera w es pronunciate como un v si le vocabulo es de provenientia germanic o como un u breve si illo proveni ex anglese:

VOCABULO PRONUNCIATION
W.C. [A] dabliù-Si
wadi uadi
wafla uafla
wagon uegon
waldense valdense
Waldo, Peter Valdo, Peter
walzer [G] valtser
water-closet [A] uota-closet o uatr-clazet
water-polo [A] uota-polo o uatr-polo
watt uot
watt-hora uot-hora
watta uota
wattage uotaje
wattar uotar
wattimetro uotimetro
week-end [A] uik-end
west uest
westfalic vestfalic
Westfalia Vestfalia
whig [A] uig o huig (archaic)
whisky [A] uiski o huiski (archaic)
whist [A] uist o huist (archic)
Wilno [PL] Vilno
wigwam [A] uiguam
wolfram [G] volfram
wolframite volframite
wombat uombat
Worms [G] Vorms

Vide etiam

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b:ia:Pronunciation de Interlingua