Cooperativa
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| instantia de: legal concept[*], type of business entity[*], business model[*] |
| subclasse de: company[*], business model[*], organisation[*] |
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| Commons: Cooperatives |
Un cooperativa[1] es un association de personas, le socios cooperativista, que se uni de forma voluntari pro satisfacer in commun lor necessitates e aspirationes economic, social e cultural mediante un interprisa que es de propietate collective e de administration democratic o democratia economic.
Le diversitate de necessitates e aspirationes (labor, consumo, credito, etc.) del socios, que conforma al objecto social o activitate cooperativisate de istes interprisas, defini le typos multo variate de cooperativas.
Le Principios Cooperative, scripte in le principio del seculo 19, constitue le regulas basic de functionamento de istes organisationes. Le Alliantia Cooperative International (ICA) es le organisation international que agglutina e promove le movimento cooperative in le mundo. Le prototypo de interprisa social e solidari, le cooperativa constitue le forma plus genuina de entitate de economia social.
Typos de cooperativas
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- Cooperative agrari
- Cooperative de consumo
- Cooperative de servicios public (aqua e electricitate)
- Cooperative de servicios (altere)
- Cooperative de habitation
- Cooperativa de labor associate (production)
- Cooperative de exploitation communitari del terra
- Cooperative de sparnios e credito
Origines e historia
[modificar | modificar fonte]Un del prime experientias cooperative data de 1844, quando se creava in Rochdale, Anglaterra, le cooperativa de consumo Societate del Pioneros Equitabile. Coetaneemente surge altere experientias in Francia, Espania e altere paises europee. Inter le prime grandes pensatores del cooperativismo se trova Robert Owen, Charles Fourier e Frederico de Raiffeisen, respectivemente, anglese, francese e german.
In plure paises, social-democrates e socialistas ha promote cooperativismo como un alternativa al economia planificate que le socialismo statista e communismo propone.
Le movimento de commercio juste, inaugurate in le annos 1960, incatena distributores in paises disveloppate directemente con le productos de cooperativas productor in paises in via de disveloppamento.