Squamata

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Wikipedia:Uso de taxobox
Squamata
Rango fossile: Early Jurassic–Present

Classification scientific
Dominio: Eukaryota
Regno: Animalia
Subregno: Bilateria
Phylo: Chordata
Superclasse: Tetrapoda
(sin rango) Amniota
Classe: Sauropsida
Superordine: Lepidosauria
Ordine
Squamata
Oppel, 1811
Subordines[1]:

Squamata es un ordine de Sauropsida qui contine plus que 11'500 species actual de lacertas o serpentes.

Phylogenia[modificar | modificar fonte]

Cladogramma externe[modificar | modificar fonte]

Secundo Crawford et al. (2012)[2] e Gemmell et al. (2020)[3]:

Amniota 
 Synapsida 

 (Mammiferos e mammalian "reptiles")


 Sauropsida 

 Parareptilia


 Sauria 
 Lepidosauria 

 Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodon)



 Squamata (lacertas e serpentes)





 Testudines (tortucas)


 Archosauria 
Crurotarsi

 Crocodilia


 Avemetatarsalia 

 Pterosauria


 Dinosauria 

 Sauropoda † (Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus)


 Theropoda 

 Tyrannosauridae



 Aves











Cladogramma interne[modificar | modificar fonte]

Secundo Zheng & Wiens, 2016:[4]

Squamata
Dibamia

Dibamidae


Bifurcata
Gekkota
Pygopodomorpha

Diplodactylidae Underwood 1954




Pygopodidae Boulenger 1884



Carphodactylidae




Gekkomorpha

Eublepharidae


Gekkonoidea

Sphaerodactylidae Underwood 1954




Phyllodactylidae



Gekkonidae






Unidentata
Scinciformata
Scincomorpha

Scincidae


Cordylomorpha

Xantusiidae




Gerrhosauridae



Cordylidae





Episquamata
Laterata
Teiformata

Gymnophthalmidae Merrem 1820



Teiidae Gray 1827



Lacertibaenia
Lacertiformata

Lacertidae


Amphisbaenia

Rhineuridae Vanzolini 1951




Bipedidae Taylor 1951





Blanidae Kearney & Stuart 2004



Cadeidae Vidal & Hedges 2008





Trogonophidae Gray 1865



Amphisbaenidae Gray 1865








Toxicofera

Anguimorpha
Paleoanguimorpha
Shinisauria

Shinisauridae Ahl 1930 sensu Conrad 2006


Varanoidea

Lanthanotidae



Varanidae




Neoanguimorpha
Helodermatoidea

Helodermatidae Gray 1837



Xenosauroidea

Xenosauridae


Anguioidea

Diploglossidae




Anniellidae



Anguidae Gray 1825







Iguania
Acrodonta

Chamaeleonidae



Agamidae Gray 1827



Pleurodonta

Leiocephalidae




Iguanidae





Hoplocercidae Frost & Etheridge 1989




Crotaphytidae



Corytophanidae






Tropiduridae





Phrynosomatidae




Dactyloidae



Polychrotidae






Liolaemidae




Leiosauridae



Opluridae











Serpentes
Scolecophidia

Leptotyphlopidae Stejneger 1892




Gerrhopilidae Vidal et al. 2010




Xenotyphlopidae Vidal et al. 2010



Typhlopidae Merrem 1820







Anomalepididae


Alethinophidia
Amerophidia

Aniliidae



Tropidophiidae Brongersma 1951



Afrophidia



Uropeltidae




Anomochilidae



Cylindrophiidae







Xenopeltidae Bonaparte 1845




Loxocemidae



Pythonidae Fitzinger 1826






Boidae




Xenophidiidae



Bolyeriidae Hoffstetter 1946






Caenophidia

Acrochordidae Bonaparte 1831


Colubroides

Xenodermidae




Pareidae




Viperidae




Homalopsidae




Colubridae




Lamprophiidae



Elapidae



















Referentias[modificar fonte]

  1. "Resolving the phylogeny of lizards and snakes (Squamata) with extensive sampling of genes and species" (2012). Biology Letters 8 (6): 1043–1046. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0703. PMID 22993238. 
  2. Crawford, N.G.; Faircloth, B.C.; McCormack, J.E.; Brumfield, R.T.; Winker, K.; Glenn, T.C. More than 1000 ultraconserved elements provide evidence that turtles are the sister group of archosaurs. Biol. Lett. 2012, 8, 783–786.
  3. Gemmell, N.J.; Rutherford, K.; Prost, S.; Tollis, M.; Winter, D.; Macey, J.R.; Adelson, D.L.; Suh, A.; Bertozzi, T.; Grau, J.H.; et al. The tuatara genome reveals ancient features of amniote evolution. Nature 2020, 584, 403–409.
  4. "Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species" (2016). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94 (Part B): 537–547. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009. PMID 26475614.