Le texto fonte de SARS-CoV-2

{{Taxobox
| name = SARS-CoV-2
| image = Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.jpg
| image_alt = Electron micrograph of SARS-CoV-2 virions with visible coronae
| image_caption =  Transmission electron micrographia colorisate de SARS-CoV-2 [[virus|virions]]<br>con lor "corona" de spicas visibile.
| domain = [[Riboviria]]
| regnum = [[Orthornavirae]]
| phylum = [[Pisuviricota]]
| classis = [[Pisoniviricetes]]
| ordo = [[Nidovirales]]
| subordo= Cornidovirineae
| familia = [[Coronaviridae]]
| subfamilia = [[Orthocoronavirinae]]
| genus = ''[[Betacoronavirus]]''
| subgenus = ''[[Sarbecovirus]]''
| species = ''[[SARSr-CoV]]<br>{{small|Severe acute respiratory<br>syndrome-related coronavirus}}''
}}
Le '''Coronavirus 2 del syndrome respiratori acute sever''' (abbreviate: '''SARS-CoV-2'''<ref>''SARS'' veni del acronymo anglese: ''Severe acute respiratory syndrome''</ref>) es un [[virus de ARN]] [[monocatenari]] del [[Familia (rango taxonomic)|familia]] [[Coronavirus|Coronaviridae]], que causa le [[COVID-19|maladia de coronavirus 2019]] (Covid-19)<ref name="Time">{{cite news|url=https://time.com/5782284/who-name-coronavirus-covid-19/|title=What's in a Name? Why WHO's Formal Name for the New Coronavirus Disease Matters|author=Sanya Mansoor|date=February 11, 2020|accessdate=February 13, 2020|publisher=Time}}</ref>. Illo essava initialmente cognoscite como '''nove coronavirus-19''' (abbreviate: '''2019-nCoV''') per le [[Organisation Mundial del Sanitate]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/publications-detail/surveillance-case-definitions-for-human-infection-with-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)|title=Surveillance case definitions for human infection with novel coronavirus (nCoV)|website=who.int|accessdate=21 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/novel-coronavirus-2019.html|title=Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Wuhan, China|date=10 January 2020|website=cdc.gov|publisher=cdc.gov|url-status=live|accessdate=16 January 2020}}</ref>.

Le virus lanceava le [[Pandemia de Covid-19|pandemia de coronavirus 2019-2020]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinacdc.cn/dfdt/201912/t20191226_209404.html|title=中国疾病预防控制中心|website=chinacdc.cn|accessdate=9 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/09/c_138690570.htm|title=New-type coronavirus causes pneumonia in Wuhan: expert|agency=Xinhua|accessdate=9 January 2020|archivedate=9 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109084208/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/09/c_138690570.htm}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://platform.gisaid.org/epi3/start/CoV2020|title=CoV2020|website=platform.gisaid.org|url-status=live|accessdate=12 January 2020}}</ref> Le prime casos suspectate esseva reportate per le [[Organisation Mundial del Sanitate|OMS]] le 31 de decembre 2019.<ref name="WHO5Jan2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/|title=Pneumonia of unknown cause – China. Disease outbreak news|last=|first=|date=5 January 2020|website=|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|accessdate=6 January 2020|quote=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107032945/https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/|archive-date=7 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Schnirring14Jan2020">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/01/report-thailands-coronavirus-patient-didnt-visit-outbreak-market|title=Report: Thailand's coronavirus patient didn't visit outbreak market|last=Schnirring|first=Lisa|date=14 January 2020|website=CIDRAP|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114230152/http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/01/report-thailands-coronavirus-patient-didnt-visit-outbreak-market|archive-date=14 January 2020|accessdate=15 January 2020}}</ref> Plure casos del nove coronavirus esseva vinculate al [[mercato]] de [[Alimento|alimentos]] [[Mar|marin]] de [[Wuhan]], in [[China]]. Le virus poterea venir ex [[animal]]es appestate in le mercato, ma il non es ancora certe que iste loco es le fonte del [[epidemic|epidemia]].<ref name=CDC18Jan2020>[http://www.nj.gov/health/cd/documents/topics/NCOV/NCoV_LINCS_wuhan_update_011820_combined.pdf "Update and Interim Guidance on Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China CDC Health Update"]. New Jersey Department of Health. 18 January 2020</ref> 

Le material genetic de iste nove coronavirus monstra similaritates con le SARS-CoV (79.5%)<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.914952v2|title=Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin|first1=Peng|last1=Zhou|first2=Xing-Lou|last2=Yang|first3=Xian-Guang|last3=Wang|first4=Ben|last4=Hu|first5=Lei|last5=Zhang|first6=Wei|last6=Zhang|first7=Hao-Rui|last7=Si|date=23 January 2020|journal=bioRxiv|pages=2020.01.22.914952|via=www.biorxiv.org|doi=10.1101/2020.01.22.914952}}</ref> e altere cippos de coronavirus de [[vespertilion]] (96%). Hoc significa que le virus pote haber primo venite ex vespertiliones.<ref name=":3">Sample [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG772933 CoVZC45] and [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG772934 CoVZXC21], see [https://nextstrain.org/groups/blab/sars-like-cov there for an interactive visualisation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120190511/https://nextstrain.org/groups/blab/sars-like-cov |date=20 January 2020 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite journal|title=The 2019 new Coronavirus epidemic: evidence for virus evolution|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.915157v1|journal=bioRxiv|volume=|pages=2020.01.24.915157|doi=10.1101/2020.01.24.915157|via=|year=2020|last1=Benvenuto|first1=Domenico|last2=Giovannetti|first2=Marta|last3=Ciccozzi|first3=Alessandra|last4=Spoto|first4=Silvia|last5=Angeletti|first5=Silvia|last6=Ciccozzi|first6=Massimo}}</ref><ref name="Cyranoski">{{Cite journal|last=Callaway|first=Ewen|last2=Cyranoski|first2=David|date=23 January 2020|title=Why snakes probably aren't spreading the new China virus|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00180-8|journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00180-8|accessdate=27 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125051951/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00180-8|archive-date=25 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Le scientistas faceva varie experimentos que monstrava que le virus forsan vadeva ex vespertiliones ad hospites intermedie, significante que altere animales hospitante existe inter le vespertilion e le [[Homo sapiens|human]].

==Principal variantes preoccupante==
A mesura que la pandemia progressa, le virus evolua pro se adaptar al immunisation del population e de nove variantes appare con mutationes genetic que permitte le {{Ill|en|evasion antigenic|Antigenic escape}} (escappamento al [[anticorpore]]s del responsa immunitari). Iste mutationes concerna principalmente le dominio de ligamine al receptor sur le qual le anticorpores se fixa.

Depost la apparition del duo cippos original (A & B) al fin de 2019 a [[Wuhan]]<ref>Xiaolu Tang, Changcheng Wu, Xiang Li, Yuhe Song, Xinmin Yao, Xinkai Wu, Yuange Duan, Hong Zhang, Yirong Wang, Zhaohui Qian, Jie Cui, Jian Lu, [https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa036 On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2], National Science Review, Volume 7, Issue 6, June 2020, Pages 1012–1023, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa036</ref>, le principal variantes responsabile de ondas de contamination es le siquente:
* '''Alpha (B.1.1.7)''', apparite in octobre 2020 al [[Regno Unite]];
* '''Beta (B.1.351)''', apparite le 18 decembre 2020 in [[Africa del Sud]];
* '''Gamma (P.1)''', apparite le 6 januario 2021 in Japan de personas originari del [[Brasil]]; P1 e P.2 deriva de  B.1.1.28 que harea circulate al Brasil depois februario 2020;
* '''Delta (B.1.617.2)''', derivante del B.1.617 apparite le 5 octobre 2020 in [[India]];
* '''Omicron (B.1.1.529)''', discoprite in Africa del Sud in novembre 2021 con circa trenta mutationes sul {{Ill|en|spicula proteina|Coronavirus spike protein}}; del 3 formas BA.1, BA.2 e BA.3, '''BA.2''' es le plus frequente. Le coronavirus continua su evolution in le familia del subvariantes Omicron:
** '''BA.4/BA.5''', classate preoccupante le 17 maio 2022, es responsabile del unda epidemic del primavera-estate 2022 in [[Europa]]; le subvariantes '''BA.2.75''', '''BA.5.3.1''' e '''BF.7''' prolonga le contaminations;
** '''BQ.1.1''' (B.1.1.529.5.3.1.1.1.1.1.1) associate con disordines gatrointestinal (Nigeria 07-2022);<ref>https://www.inspq.qc.ca/covid-19/labo/variants</ref>
** '''XBB.1.5''' 'Kraken', es un variante recombinante (XBB = BJ.1 x BA.2.75) discoperite al [[Statos Unite de America|SUA]] in octobre 2022; le vaccino es actualisate pro proteger contre iste variante;<ref>https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-action-updated-mrna-covid-19-vaccines-better-protect-against-currently-circulating</ref><ref>https://www.vidal.fr/actualites/30397-vaccination-covid-19-trois-nouvelles-formulations-de-comirnaty-adaptees-au-variant-xbb-1-5.html</ref>
** XBB.1.9 'Hyperion';
** XBB.1.16 'Arcturus', sub vigilantia al primavera 2023;
** XBB.2.3 'Acrux';
** '''EG.5.1''' (=XBB.1.9.2.5.1) 'Eris', emergente in augusto 2023 (del 'Hyperion' clan).<ref>https://www.midilibre.fr/2023/08/07/eris-le-nouveau-variant-du-covid-contagiosite-nombre-de-cas-quel-est-ce-virus-qui-descend-domicron-11383307.php</ref>
** '''JN.1''' (=BA.2.86.1.1, septembre 2023)<ref>https://www.santemagazine.fr/actualites/actualites-sante/tout-savoir-sur-jn1-le-nouveau-variant-du-covid-19-notamment-repere-au-royaume-uni-1040261</ref>, subvariante de Pirola (BA.2.86, sub surveliantia depost augusto 2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://fr.italy24.press/coronavirus/835123.html |accessdate=2023-08-21 |archivedate=2023-08-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821081010/https://fr.italy24.press/coronavirus/835123.html }}</ref>. Iste ultime se characterisa per eruptiones cutanee (principalmente sul facie e axillas) e irritation [[oculo|ocular]], ultra digestive symptomas.<ref>https://lasanteauquotidien.com/coronavirus-covid-19/covid-19-quel-est-ce-nouveau-symptome-du-variant-pirola-qui-touche-le-visage/</ref>
** XDK, sub surveliantia in Francia in martio 2024, un recombinante JN1 x XBB.1.16.<ref>https://www.capital.fr/economie-politique/covid-19-un-nouveau-variant-recombinant-xdk-identifie-faut-il-s-en-mefier-1495302</ref>
** '''KP.2''' (=B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.11.1.2=JN.1.11.1.2, [[Statos Unite de America|SUA]], april 2024), un variante "FLiRT" (gruppo de variantes characterisate per mutationes F456L e R346T in spicula proteina, meliorante le escappamento de JN.1 al [[anticorpore]]s); V1104L compensa un ligamine plus debile al ACE2 receptor.<ref>https://cov-lineages.org/lineage_list.html</ref><ref>https://theconversation.com/as-covid-cases-rise-again-what-do-i-need-to-know-about-the-new-flirt-variants-230423</ref><ref>(pdf) https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.595020v1.full.pdf</ref>
** '''XEC''', un variante recombinante KS.1.1 (FLiRT) x KP.3.3 (FLuQE).

== Referentias==
<references/>

[[Categoria:Coronaviridae]]
[[Categoria:Virus pathogen]]