Puncto quantic

Punctos quantic colloidal irradiate per lumine UV. Punctos quantic de differente dimension emitte lumine de differente colores debite al confinamento quantic (en).

Un Puncto quantic (in anglese, quantum dot, QD) o "atomo artificial", es un semiconductor nanocrystallo mensurante qualque nanometros. Lor characteristicas optic e electronic differe de illos de particulas plus grande.

Quando illuminate per radios UV, electrones in iste nanostructuras pote esser excitate in un stato de energia plus alte. In semiconducente punctos quantic, iste processo corresponde al transition de un electron del banda de valentia (en) al banda de conductantia (en). Un electron e xcitatepote revenir al banda de valentia e emitter le energia excesive sub forma de lumine. Iste emission de lumine (appellate photoluminescentia) es illustrate in le imagine al dextera. Le color de iste lumine depende del differentia de energia inter le duo bandas (o le transition inter discrete statos de energia quando le structura de banda non se pote correctemente definir).

Iste nanosemiconductores confina strictemente electrones o cavos electronic (en) como un particula in un coffro (en). Lor characteristicas de absorption e emission corresponde a transitiones inter nivellos discrete de energia permittite per le mechanica quantic in le coffro. Iste comprtamento evoca spectros atomic. Illo explica que punctos quantic es aliquando qualificate de atomos artificial.^[1]^[2]^[3] Le experientia monstra similaritates inter lor functiones electronic de unda e illos de ver atomos.^[4] Accopulante plure punctos quantic, se pote realisar artificial moleculas capabile de hybridar se, mesmo al temperatura ambiente.^[5] Precise assemblea de punctos quantic pote formar superreticulos agente como artificial solide materiales con specific proprietates optic o electronic.^[6]^[7]

Applicationes

Punctos quantic es usate in multe applicationes como optoelectronica, schermos qLED, pannellos solar o in imagines biomedical.^[8]

Premio Nobel pro Chimia

Le premio Nobel pro Chimia de 2023 esseva attribuite a Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus e Alexei Ekimov pro lor contributiones al disveloppamento del punctos quantic.

Referentias

↑ (2005) Physical Chemistry, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, 835.
↑ Ashoori, R. C. (1996). "Electrons in artificial atoms". Nature 379 (6564): 413–419. doi:10.1038/379413a0. Bibcode: 1996Natur.379..413A.
↑ Kastner, M. A. (1993). "Artificial Atoms". Physics Today 46 (1): 24–31. doi:10.1063/1.881393. Bibcode: 1993PhT....46a..24K.
↑ "Identification of atomic-like electronic states in indium arsenide nanocrystal quantum dots" (in en) (August 1999). Nature 400 (6744): 542–544. doi:10.1038/22979. ISSN 1476-4687. Bibcode: 1999Natur.400..542B.
↑ "Colloidal quantum dot molecules manifesting quantum coupling at room temperature" (in en) (2019-12-16). Nature Communications 10 (1): 5401. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13349-1. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 31844043. Bibcode: 2019NatCo..10.5401C.
↑ "Perovskite-type superlattices from lead halide perovskite nanocubes" (in en) (May 2021). Nature 593 (7860): 535–542. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03492-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34040208. Bibcode: 2021Natur.593..535C.
↑ "Enabling metallic behaviour in two-dimensional superlattice of semiconductor colloidal quantum dots" (in en) (2023-05-26). Nature Communications 14 (1): 2670. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38216-y. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 37236922. Bibcode: 2023NatCo..14.2670S.
↑ doi:10.2147/IJN.S357980

Nota

Iste pagina contine material traducite ab Wikipedia in anglese. Le articulo original se trova in le version 1178657573 de en:Quantum dot, e es usate secundo le mandatos del licentia de Wikipedia.

[1] (2005) Physical Chemistry, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, 835.

[ashoori1996electrons-2] Ashoori, R. C. (1996). "Electrons in artificial atoms". Nature 379 (6564): 413–419. doi:10.1038/379413a0. Bibcode: 1996Natur.379..413A.

[3] Kastner, M. A. (1993). "Artificial Atoms". Physics Today 46 (1): 24–31. doi:10.1063/1.881393. Bibcode: 1993PhT....46a..24K.

[4] "Identification of atomic-like electronic states in indium arsenide nanocrystal quantum dots" (in en) (August 1999). Nature 400 (6744): 542–544. doi:10.1038/22979. ISSN 1476-4687. Bibcode: 1999Natur.400..542B.

[5] "Colloidal quantum dot molecules manifesting quantum coupling at room temperature" (in en) (2019-12-16). Nature Communications 10 (1): 5401. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13349-1. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 31844043. Bibcode: 2019NatCo..10.5401C.

[6] "Perovskite-type superlattices from lead halide perovskite nanocubes" (in en) (May 2021). Nature 593 (7860): 535–542. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03492-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34040208. Bibcode: 2021Natur.593..535C.

[7] "Enabling metallic behaviour in two-dimensional superlattice of semiconductor colloidal quantum dots" (in en) (2023-05-26). Nature Communications 14 (1): 2670. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38216-y. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 37236922. Bibcode: 2023NatCo..14.2670S.

[8] :10.2147/IJN.S357980

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