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Fluorosurfactante

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(Redirigite ab PFAS)
Strutura skeletal del PFOS (perfluorooctansolfonato), un fluorosurfactante effective e bioacumulative.
Structura spatial del PFOS.

Fluorosurfactantes o per- o polyfluoroalkylate substantias (PFAS), son compositos chimic organofluorate synthetic tenente multiple fluor atomos. Son sovente qualificate de "polluentes eternal" (forever chemicals (FC) in anglese).

Se distingue compositos polyfluorate e perfluorate.[1][2]

Son plus effective pro abassar le tension superficial de aqua que comparabile surfactantes organic. Illos ha un "cauda" fluorate hydrophobe e un "capite" hydrophile.

Alcun fluorosurfactantes, como PFOS, son detectate in alimentos[3][4], humanes[5] e altere organismos vivente.

Un database sul toxicitate del Agentia per le Protection del Ambiente de Statos Unite (EPA), DSSTox, lista 14'735 PFAS,[6] e PubChem usque circa 6 miliones.[7]

Exemplos de PFAS:[8][9][10]

  • PFOA acido perfluorooctanoic
  • PFOS perfluorooctansulfonato
  • PFBA acido perfluorobutanoic
  • PfHxA acido perfluoroesanoic
  • PFBS acido perfluorobutansulfonic
  • PFNA Perfluorononanoato de ammonio
  • C6O4 ammonio ((2,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-5-(trifluorometossi)-1,3-diossolan-4-il)ossi) difluoro acetato
  • GenX 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(eptafluoropropossi)-propanoato de ammonio
  • Cl-PFPE-CA Chloroperfluoropolyether carbossilato
  • PTFE o Polytetrafluoroethylene, cuje le Teflon AF.

Un exposition recurrente e durabile al PFAS pote inducer un risco pro sanitate.[11]

Le prime studios in medio professional revelava nivellos importante de productos chimic fluorate, principalmente acido perfluorooctanesulfonic (PFOS) e acido perfluorooctanoic (PFOA, C8), in sanguine del operatores, ma sin detectar alcun effecto nocive, le dosas essente inferior al nivellos identificate como toxic o cancerogene in animales.[12]. Nonobstante, le contamination individual essente quasipermanente (semivita de elimination seric del PFAS inter 4 e 5 annos) e le contamination ambiental essente generalisate, un accumulation se produce in corpore human usque dosas potente esser nocive pro sanitate.[13]

Effectos potential sul sanitate human del exposition al PFAS.[14][15][16]

Referentias

  1. ↑ OECD (11 de januario 2021). Reconciling Terminology of the Universe of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Recommendations and Practical Guidance. OECD Publishing.
  2. ↑ “A New OECD Definition for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances” (1 de decembre 2021). Environmental Science & Technology 55 (23): 15575–15578. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c06896. PMID: 34751569. Bibcode: 2021EnST...5515575W.
  3. ↑ https://www.rtbf.be/article/pollution-aux-pfas-les-habitants-des-communes-concernees-invites-a-ne-pas-consommer-oeufs-et-legumes-produits-localement-un-numero-vert-active-11284620
  4. ↑ https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/des-polluants-eternels-detectes-dans-les-oeufs-de-12-communes-de-la-metropole-de-lyon
  5. ↑ https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/haute-savoie/enquete-polluants-eternels-du-pfoa-detecte-dans-le-sang-des-habitants-de-rumilly-en-haute-savoie-2880197.html
  6. ↑ PFAS structures in DSSTox (update August 2022). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Archivo del original create le 16 de octobre 2020. Recuperate le 21 de octobre 2022. "List consists of all DTXSID records with a structure assigned, and using a set of substructural filters based on community input."
  7. ↑ NBCI:PubChem Classification Browser – PFAS and Fluorinated Compounds in PubChem Tree.
  8. ↑ https://www.aulss8.veneto.it/nodo.php/3440%7Ctitolo=Azienda ULSS 8 Berica: Pfas - Sostanze Perfluroalchiliche
  9. ↑ PFAS - Regione del Veneto.
  10. ↑ Sostanze perfluoroalchiliche (PFAS) - ECHA. Recuperate le 17 agosto 2022-08-17.
  11. ↑ https://www.auvergne-rhone-alpes.ars.sante.fr/mieux-comprendre-les-pfas-leurs-effets-les-textes-applicables#:~:text=Les%20compos%C3%A9s%20PFAS,aux%20fortes%20chaleurs%20et%20imperm%C3%A9abilisantes.
  12. ↑ Le sulfonate de perfluorooctane (SPFO), ses sels et ses précurseurs – fiche d’information ; Governamento canadian, 2006.
  13. ↑ Alexandre-Reza Kokabi (19 de maio 2020). Téflon : les molécules toxiques « s’incrustent partout, jusqu’aux tréfonds de l’Arctique ». Reporterre.
  14. ↑ Emerging chemical risks in Europe — 'PFAS'. European Environment Agency (11 de januario 2019).
  15. ↑ (11 de januario 2016) "Some Chemicals Used as Solvents and in Polymer Manufacture", IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 110.
  16. ↑ “Analysis of PFOA in dosed CD-1 mice. Part 2. Disposition of PFOA in tissues and fluids from pregnant and lactating mice and their pups” (1 de junio 2009). Reproductive Toxicology 27 (3–4): 365–372. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.02.012. PMID: 19429407.
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