Ctenophora

Ctenophora (del greco ancian ktenos 'pectine (en)' et phorein 'portar') es un phylo de animales marin con circa 1000 species. Illos es notabile per le gruppo de cilio (evocante un pectine) utilisate pro natar.

Phylogenia

Phylogenia externe

Secundo un studio de 2023, Ctenophoros serea le gruppo le plus basal de animales actual (mesmo si spongias parece minus complexe):^[7]

	Cnidaria

	Placozoa

Bilateria

Secundo iste nove cladogramma, le subregno Eumetazoa perde su legitimitate.

Phylogenia interne

Phylogenia intra Ctenophora:^[8]

Ctenophora

Mertensiidae (Cydippida)

Platyctenida

Pleurobrachiidae (Cydippida)

	Lobata

	Thalassocalycida

	Cestida

	Haeckeliidae (Cydippida)

	Beroida

Le ordo Cydippida se revela polyphyletic, dunque non valide.

Referentias

↑ "Raman spectra of a Lower Cambrian ctenophore embryo from southwestern Shaanxi, China" (April 2007). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 (15): 6289–6292. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701246104. PMID 17404242. Bibcode: 2007PNAS..104.6289C.
↑ "Eoandromeda and the origin of Ctenophora" (20 September 2011). Evolution & Development 13 (5): 408–414. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00499.x. PMID 23016902.
↑ "The first fossil ctenophore from the Lower Devonian of West Germany" (9 June 1983). Nature 303 (5917): 518–520. doi:10.1038/303518a0. Bibcode: 1983Natur.303..518S.
↑ "Middle Cambrian Ctenophores from the Stephen Formation, British Columbia, Canada" (29 March 1996). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 351 (1337): 279–308. doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0024. Bibcode: 1996RSPTB.351..279C.
↑ "The Genome of the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and Its Implications for Cell Type Evolution" (13 December 2013). Science 342 (6164): 1242592. doi:10.1126/science.1242592. PMID 24337300.
↑ "A vanished history of skeletonization in Cambrian comb jellies" (July 2015). Science Advances 1 (6): e1500092. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500092. PMID 26601209. Bibcode: 2015SciA....1E0092O.
↑ Schultz, Darrin T. (2023-05-17). "Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals" (in en). Nature: 1–8. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6. ISSN 1476-4687.
↑ "A Molecular Phylogenetic Framework for the Phylum Ctenophora Using 18S rRNA Genes" (November 2001). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21 (2): 218–230. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1036. PMID 11697917.

[Chen2007-1] "Raman spectra of a Lower Cambrian ctenophore embryo from southwestern Shaanxi, China" (April 2007). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 (15): 6289–6292. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701246104. PMID 17404242. Bibcode: 2007PNAS..104.6289C.

[Tang2011-2] "Eoandromeda and the origin of Ctenophora" (20 September 2011). Evolution & Development 13 (5): 408–414. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00499.x. PMID 23016902.

[Stanley1983-3] "The first fossil ctenophore from the Lower Devonian of West Germany" (9 June 1983). Nature 303 (5917): 518–520. doi:10.1038/303518a0. Bibcode: 1983Natur.303..518S.

[Morris1996-4] "Middle Cambrian Ctenophores from the Stephen Formation, British Columbia, Canada" (29 March 1996). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 351 (1337): 279–308. doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0024. Bibcode: 1996RSPTB.351..279C.

[5] "The Genome of the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and Its Implications for Cell Type Evolution" (13 December 2013). Science 342 (6164): 1242592. doi:10.1126/science.1242592. PMID 24337300.

[A_vanished_history_of_skeletonization_in_Cambrian_comb_jellies-6] "A vanished history of skeletonization in Cambrian comb jellies" (July 2015). Science Advances 1 (6): e1500092. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500092. PMID 26601209. Bibcode: 2015SciA....1E0092O.

[7] Schultz, Darrin T. (2023-05-17). "Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals" (in en). Nature: 1–8. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6. ISSN 1476-4687.

[PodarHaddockEtAl2001MolecularPhylogeneticFrameworkForCtenophora-8] "A Molecular Phylogenetic Framework for the Phylum Ctenophora Using 18S rRNA Genes" (November 2001). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21 (2): 218–230. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1036. PMID 11697917.

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